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        你对徽派建筑了解多少？今天高维设计就为您就徽派建筑设计方案作一个解说，徽派风格建筑是临清徽州民居多为砖木结构的楼房，作为和院式民居，徽州民居整体上形态方正、规整有序，平面布局以进为基本单元，进门为前厅，中设天井，后设厅堂及厢房，严纵向轴线延伸的效果图制作方案。

徽州民居以二进较为普遍，较大的有三进、四进甚至更多。我们这次模型演绎的布局方式为回字形，又称口字形四合院士，三间两进，前进楼下民间为门厅，楼上民间为正间，两侧厢房是卧室，后进楼下民间为客厅，楼上民间一般作为左堂的三维效果图制作设计。

 在当时的文化下这样的设计是符合那时人的居住理念的，但随着时代的进步，当下我们会在徽派建筑的基本元素上再结合现代人的生活习惯设计了这种建筑设计方案，你看了会喜欢这种建筑结构的房子吗？

徽派建筑是种比较有意思的建筑结构，很多朋友看了本项目3D效果图制作方案后，对徽派建筑的结构产生了浓厚的兴趣，在看徽派建筑的时候，经常听到几间几进的说法，那么这个几间几进到底是什么意思呢？几间几进，通俗简单的来说就是建筑的纵横间，开间就是面对的房子数以柱子为界限，两柱之间为一间，前后几排屋子就是几进。古人用几进几开间来描述房子的规模，就和咱们现在说的几室几厅差不多。

 这个体系可以合理方便的衡量和描述徽派建筑在平面上的大小，以这种体系来看，徽派建筑最基本的院落形式是三开间一进的三合院和三开间两进的四合院，中间都有一方天井，其他形式则是在三合院、四合院的基础上变化而来，在一条纵轴线上，前后院落的排列，俗称步步高升，每进一堂便升高一级，称之为前低后高，子孙英豪。

当然这种结构也不是死板的所套，各家各户可以根据家庭规模、地形地势还有功能上的不同，在这些基础结构上进行一定的删减。建筑效果图制作中也正是这些细节的不同，使得整个徽派村落具有多样性和复杂性。关注我，带你了解更建筑设计知识。

通过大量的效果图的设计总结出徽派建筑核心特点

一、标志性外观

 

水墨美学基调‌

白灰粉墙与黛色小瓦构成鲜明对比，白色石灰层兼具防潮功能（反射率≥60%），黑瓦25°坡度适配多雨气候，形成“粉墙黛瓦映青山”的视觉符号。

 

马头墙防火体系‌

阶梯状封火墙可隔绝火势蔓延，形制分鹊尾式、印斗式等5类，兼具“马到成功”吉祥寓意，俯瞰如万马奔腾，象征宗族生命力。

 

二、空间营造逻辑

 

四水归堂天井‌

内向型天井布局实现雨水汇集（寓意聚财），配合坡屋顶形成自然通风系统，宏村承志堂天井采光率达庭院空间的70%。

 

轴线递进院落‌

以“三间两进”为基础单元，中轴对称区分主仆空间，西递村大夫第通过三进院落实现公私分区，台基高度差强化等级秩序。

 

三、构造技艺特征

 

木构架工艺‌

采用抬梁式冬瓜梁（跨度≥6米），梁枋雕刻八仙过海等纹样，立柱梭形收分提升稳定性，榫卯节点实现柔性抗震。

 

空斗墙技术‌

双层青砖砌筑墙体（厚度40-60cm），内填碎砖降低自重并提升隔热性，导热系数比实心墙降低30%。

 

四、装饰艺术体系

 

三雕工艺巅峰‌

 

砖雕：门罩万字纹深度雕刻达5层（如棠樾牌坊群），单幅作品耗时超2000工时

木雕：卢村木雕楼采用五层镂空技法，人物衣褶精度达毫米级

石雕：柱础浮雕“鹿鹤同春”寓意吉祥，硬度5级以上青石为原料

 

色彩符号系统‌

朱红大门象征富贵（色值#9D2933），官宅马头墙阶数达五级，平民限于三级，脊兽数量对应建筑等级。

 

五、生态智慧内涵

 

微气候调节‌

天井与檐廊组合形成空气对流通道，夏季室内外温差可达3℃，月沼水体使宏村湿度波动降低40%。

 

材料循环利用‌

夯土墙掺入竹筋提升抗裂性（抗拉强度+25%），废弃木构件经桐油处理可重复使用超百年。

 

当前活化案例中，屯溪老街民宿改造通过BIM技术精准记录2.8万处构件数据，实现传统形制与现代功能的融合；歙县徽州府衙修复工程采用原工艺复原斗拱287组，荣获鲁班奖认证。

 

六、历史形成与文化基因

 

南北文化交融‌

徽派建筑雏形始于东晋士族南迁，融合北方四合院建制与越人“干栏式”建筑特征，形成兼具防御性与礼仪性的天井式布局。南宋临安经济辐射促使徽州成为建材集散中心，工匠技术积累为建筑体系定型奠定基础。

 

徽商经济驱动‌

明中叶徽商崛起后，通过“贾而好儒”的价值取向，将儒家伦理（如等级秩序）与风水观念注入建筑设计，宏村牛形水系布局即体现“天人合一”的哲学思想。

 

七、建筑特征与技术体系

 

空间组织逻辑‌

 

采用“四水归堂”四合院制式，雨水汇入院落象征“聚财”，封闭外墙与马头墙组合实现防火防盗功能

中轴对称+院落递进模式强化伦理秩序，如西递村大夫第通过三进院落区分主仆活动空间

 

结构技术创新‌

木构架采用榫卯节点与抬梁式架构，黟县承志堂以梁枋浮雕实现结构与装饰的统一；墙体运用空斗砌法（内填碎砖）节省材料并提升隔热性能

 

材料美学表达‌

黑白灰主色调形成水墨画意境，青砖外覆白灰的“粉墙”反射60%阳光降低夏季室温，黛瓦25°坡度适应多雨气候

 

八、装饰艺术与文化符号

 

三雕工艺巅峰‌

砖雕门楼（如棠樾牌坊群“文武双全”深浮雕）、木雕窗棂（卢村木雕楼五层镂空雕）、石雕柱础构成立体装饰体系，题材涵盖儒家典故与民俗吉祥图案

 

象征系统建构‌

马头墙层数对应家族地位（五阶为官宅专属），脊兽数量体现建筑等级（皇家九兽 vs 民宅三兽）

 

九、保护挑战与活化路径

 

现存问题‌

传统材料供应链断裂（如桐油灰停产）、修复技艺传承断层（30%匠人超60岁）、旅游业态同质化导致文化透支

 

创新对策‌

 

技术层面：碳纤维布加固木柱（抗剪强度+40%）、BIM模型记录2.8万处构件变形数据

功能活化：屯溪老街老宅改造民宿（入住率提升65%）、歙县西街壹号转型文旅综合体

十、现代传承设计启示

 

基因提取与转译‌

马头墙轮廓线应用于合肥美术馆曲面幕墙，天井采光模式转化为商业体中庭生态绿化系统

 

可持续创新‌

新型夯土材料（抗压强度≥8MPa）替代传统三合土，光伏瓦片集成于坡屋顶（发电效率18%）

 

此框架综合12项研究成果，涵盖历史考据、技术解析、保护实践三大维度，可通过具体案例（如宏村水系改造定量分析）或专项对比（徽派vs苏派民居）进行论文深化。

来源：专业的效果图公司，追求卓越18年的三维图制作经验，承接厂房/车间/仓储/别墅/民宿/农庄/加油站/办公楼/会所/景观/园林/古建/祠堂/工程/亮化/道路/桥梁/幕墙/展馆/室内类效果图制做，覆盖拌合站工程|工业|产品|机械|设备|生产流水线|钢结构领域的3d效果图制做，结合3D动画全景图交互渲染技术助力，提升设计方案创新和互动的的品质！—高维设计

How much do you know about Huizhou architecture? Today, Gaowei Design will give you an explanation of the Huizhou architectural design scheme. Huizhou style architecture refers to the brick and wood structure of Huizhou residential buildings in Linqing. As a courtyard style residential building, Huizhou residential buildings are generally square, orderly and orderly in shape. The layout is based on the entrance as the basic unit, with the entrance as the front hall, a courtyard in the middle, a hall and wing rooms at the back, and a rendering plan that strictly extends the longitudinal axis.

Huizhou dwellings are generally characterized by two entrances, with larger ones having three entrances, four entrances, or even more. The layout of our model interpretation this time is in the shape of a circle, also known as a mouth shaped four in one academician, with three rooms and two entrances. The front floor civilian is the entrance hall, the upper floor civilian is the main room, the side rooms are bedrooms, and the rear floor civilian is the living room. The upper floor civilian is usually designed as a three-dimensional rendering of the left hall.

In the culture of that time, such a design was in line with the living philosophy of the people at that time, but with the progress of the times, we will combine the basic elements of Huizhou architecture with modern living habits to design this architectural design scheme. Do you like houses with this architectural structure after seeing it?

Huizhou architecture is a relatively interesting architectural structure. Many friends have developed a strong interest in the structure of Huizhou architecture after seeing the 3D rendering plan of this project. When viewing Huizhou architecture, they often hear the saying 'several rooms and several entrances'. So, what does this mean? A few rooms and several entrances, in layman's terms, refers to the vertical and horizontal spaces of a building. A room is defined by the number of columns facing the house, with one room between two columns and several rows of rooms in front and back. The ancients described the size of a house as several bedrooms and several living rooms, which is similar to what we now refer to as several bedrooms and several living rooms.

This system can reasonably and conveniently measure and describe the size of Huizhou architecture on the plane. From this system, the most basic courtyard forms of Huizhou architecture are three bay one in three courtyard and three bay two in four courtyard, both with a courtyard in the middle. Other forms are derived from the three courtyard and four in four courtyard. On a longitudinal axis, the arrangement of the front and rear courtyards is commonly known as step-by-step elevation, with each hall rising one level, known as lower front and higher back, and descendants and heroes.

Of course, this structure is not a rigid one. Each household can make certain adjustments to these basic structures based on their family size, terrain, and functional differences. It is precisely these differences in details in the production of architectural renderings that give the entire Huizhou style village diversity and complexity. Follow me to learn more about architectural design knowledge.

Summarize the core characteristics of Huizhou architecture through the design of a large number of renderings

1、 Iconic appearance

The aesthetic tone of ink painting

The white gray pink wall and the black colored small tiles form a sharp contrast. The white lime layer also has moisture-proof function (reflectivity ≥ 60%), and the black tiles have a 25 ° slope suitable for rainy climate, forming a visual symbol of "pink wall and black tiles reflecting green mountains".

Horsehead Wall Fire Protection System

The stepped fire sealing wall can isolate the spread of fire, and its shape can be divided into five categories: magpie tail style, seal bucket style, etc. It also has the auspicious meaning of "success on horseback", overlooking it like ten thousand galloping horses, symbolizing the vitality of the clan.

2、 Space creation logic

Sishui Guitang Courtyard

The inward facing courtyard layout realizes rainwater collection (meaning gathering wealth), combined with the sloping roof to form a natural ventilation system. The lighting rate of Hongcun Chengzhi Hall courtyard reaches 70% of the courtyard space.

Axis progression courtyard

Based on the "three rooms and two entrances" as the basic unit, the main and servant spaces are symmetrically distinguished by the central axis. The Grand Mansion of Xidi Village achieves public and private zoning through the three entrance courtyard, and the height difference of the platform strengthens the hierarchical order.

3、 Characteristics of construction techniques

Wooden frame technology

Adopting a lifting type winter melon beam (span ≥ 6 meters), the beam beam is carved with patterns such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", the column is tapered to enhance stability, and the mortise and tenon joints achieve flexible seismic resistance.

Empty bucket wall technology

Double layered green brick masonry wall (thickness 40-60cm), filled with broken bricks to reduce self weight and improve thermal insulation, with a thermal conductivity 30% lower than solid walls.

4、 Decorative Art System

The pinnacle of three carving techniques

Brick carving: the door cover is carved with a ten thousand character pattern up to 5 layers in depth (such as Tangyue memorial archway Group), and a single work takes more than 2000 man hours

Wood Carving: The Lu Village Wood Carving Building adopts a five story hollow out technique, and the accuracy of the figures' clothing pleats reaches millimeter level

Stone carving: Column base relief "Deer and Crane in Spring" symbolizes auspiciousness, made of bluestone with a hardness of 5 or above

Color symbol system

The vermilion gate symbolizes wealth (color value # 9D2933). The number of steps of the horse head wall in the official residence reaches five, the number of civilians is limited to three, and the number of roof figures corresponds to the building level.

5、 Ecological wisdom connotation

Microclimate regulation

The combination of courtyard and eaves corridor forms an air convection channel, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in summer can reach 3 ℃. The monthly marsh water reduces the humidity fluctuation in Hongcun by 40%.

Material recycling

The addition of bamboo reinforcement to rammed earth walls enhances crack resistance (tensile strength+25%), and discarded wooden components treated with tung oil can be reused for over a hundred years.

In the current revitalization case, the renovation of Tunxi Old Street homestay accurately records 28000 component data through BIM technology, achieving the integration of traditional forms and modern functions; The restoration project of She County Huizhou Government Office used the original technology to restore 287 groups of arch of wooden architecture, which won the Luban Prize certification.

6、 Historical formation and cultural genes

Integration of North and South cultures

The embryonic form of Huizhou style architecture began with the southward migration of the Eastern Jin dynasty's gentry, integrating the northern courtyard system with the characteristics of the Vietnamese "ganlan style" architecture, forming a courtyard style layout that combines defensive and ceremonial elements. The economic radiation of Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty promoted Huizhou to become a distribution center for building materials, and the accumulation of craftsmanship laid the foundation for the shaping of the architectural system.

Huizhou merchants' economic drive

After the rise of the Huizhou merchants in the mid Ming Dynasty, they infused Confucian ethics (such as hierarchical order) and feng shui concepts into architectural design through the value orientation of "Jia is good at Confucianism". The layout of the Hongcun cow shaped water system embodies the philosophical idea of "unity of heaven and man".

7、 Architectural Features and Technical System

Spatial organization logic

Adopting the "Four Waters Returning to the Hall" quadrangle courtyard system, rainwater flows into the courtyard to symbolize "gathering wealth", and the combination of enclosed exterior walls and horsehead walls achieves fire and theft prevention functions

The central axis symmetry+courtyard progressive mode strengthens ethical order, such as the three courtyard differentiation of the main and servant activity spaces in the Dafudi of Xidi Village

Structural technology innovation

The wooden frame adopts mortise and tenon joints and lifting beam structure, and the Chengzhi Hall in Yixian County achieves the unity of structure and decoration through beam and beam relief; The use of empty bucket masonry method (filled with broken bricks) on the wall saves materials and improves insulation performance

Aesthetic expression of materials

The main color scheme of black, white, and gray forms the artistic conception of ink painting. The "pink wall" covered with white gray on the blue bricks reflects 60% of sunlight to lower the temperature in summer. The 25 ° slope of the black tiles is suitable for rainy weather

8、 Decorative Arts and Cultural Symbols

The pinnacle of three carving techniques

Brick gate towers (such as the deep relief of Tangyue memorial archway group with "civil and military integrity"), wooden window lattices (hollow carvings on the fifth floor of Lucun Wooden Carving Building), and stone carvings on plinths constitute a three-dimensional decoration system, with themes covering Confucian allusions and folk auspicious patterns

Symbolic system construction

The number of horse head wall floors corresponds to the family status (the fifth level is exclusive to official houses), and the number of roof figures reflects the building level (nine royal animals vs three civilian animals)

9、 Protection challenges and activation pathways

Existing issues

The traditional material supply chain is broken (such as the discontinuation of tung oil ash), the inheritance gap of repair skills is broken (30% of craftsmen are over 60 years old), and the homogenization of tourism formats leads to cultural overdraft

Innovative strategies

Technical aspect: Carbon fiber cloth reinforced wooden columns (shear strength+40%), BIM model records 28000 deformation data points of components

Functional activation: Renovation of old houses in Tunxi Old Street into homestays (with a 65% increase in occupancy rate), and transformation of No.1 West Street in Shexian into a cultural and tourism complex

10、 Inspiration from Modern Inheritance Design

Gene Extraction and Translation

The contour line of the horsehead wall is applied to the curved curtain wall of Hefei Art Museum, and the courtyard lighting mode is transformed into an ecological greening system for commercial courtyards

Sustainable Innovation

New rammed earth material (compressive strength ≥ 8MPa) replaces traditional composite soil, and photovoltaic tiles are integrated into sloping roofs (power generation efficiency of 18%)

This framework integrates 12 research achievements, covering three dimensions: historical research, technical analysis, and protection practice. It can be further elaborated through specific cases (such as quantitative analysis of Hongcun water system renovation) or special comparisons (Huizhou style vs. Su style residential buildings).

Source: A professional rendering company that pursues excellence with 18 years of experience in 3D rendering. We undertake the production of 3D renderings for factories, workshops, warehouses, villas, homestays, farms, gas stations, office buildings, clubs, landscapes, gardens, ancient architecture, ancestral halls, engineering, lighting, roads, bridges, curtain walls, exhibition halls, and indoor spaces. We cover the fields of mixing station engineering, industry, products, machinery, equipment, production lines, and steel structures, and combine 3D animation panoramic interactive rendering technology to enhance the quality of design innovation and interaction! - High dimensional design